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Home/Magazine arrow Home/Magazine arrow Columns arrow The Perfumer's Apprentice: Nathalie Bessard - "Testing The Nose"
The Perfumer's Apprentice: Nathalie Bessard - "Testing The Nose"

Written by Nathalie, on 15-06-2009 03:41

Views : 710    

Favoured : 51

Tags : Nathalie, perfume, perfumer, oils, essential oil, jasmine, lavender, neroli, elemi, bay rose, testing


La mise à l’épreuve du nez

« Comment s’est passé ton test? » Cette question, lancée sur un ton faussement indifférent, masque la saine et solide émulation qui règne entre les élèves parfumeurs. Pour ceux-ci, le test olfactif, pratiqué tous les matins, est un grand moment de vérité. Il permet de mesurer de manière impitoyable l’efficacité de leur processus de mémorisation. Les élèves qui font un 100% de bonnes réponses sont les héros du jour.

lavenderflower.jpgHabituellement le test se pratique avec 20 matières premières dans différentes concentrations, parfois pures, parfois à 10 ou 5 ou 1 % dans de l’alcool. Elles sont choisies par le professeur ou par un élève pour ses camarades. Vous recevez une mouillette numérotée et imbibée d’une matière x votre tâche consiste à l’identifier précisément.

Au début, on est tous des héros. Le 100% est un objectif facile à atteindre lorsque les matières premières sont essentiellement naturelles et abordées de manière contrastée. Il est aisé de distinguer une rose d’une lavande ou de faire la différence entre du jasmin et une essence d’orange.

Quand le nombre de matières augmente, les occasions de se tromper font de même. Par famille d’odeurs, les distinctions nécessitent plus de précisions. Pour un débutant, il n’est pas rare de confondre un lavandin grosso avec une lavande fine, ou une essence de néroli, tirée des fleurs de l’oranger amer, avec celle du petit grain, issue, elle, de ses feuilles et branchages. Désormais il s’agit aussi pour une même matière, de savoir distinguer les différentes qualités et les différents terroirs, par exemple, savoir discriminer un jasmin d’Egypte d’un jasmin d’Indes.

Après quelques semaines, les synthétiques viennent s’ajouter au répertoire olfactif. Leurs noms étranges et souvent sans rapport avec leur odeur, compliquent, encore un peu, le processus de mémorisation.

Peu à peu, au fil des jours l’élève parfumeur passe de quelques dizaines à quelques centaines de référents olfactifs. Son nez, plus aguerri commence à remarquer les moindres détails des odeurs qui lui sont soumises. Les choses se compliquent ; il se met à tout mélanger. C’est une étape normale mais assez déconcertante car cela donne vraiment, à l’élève, l’impression de régresser.

Un jour, à ma grande consternation, je confonds l’essence de baie roses, à l’odeur poivrée, chaude et suave, mais possédant aussi des aspects frais, presque citronné, avec celle de l’élémi, essentiellement citronnée, plus fusante et moins poivrée que la première. Deux matières présentant certes des similitudes, mais classées dans des familles différentes ! Rien de plus normal, me rassure une amie parfumeur, cela passera, c’est parce que tu remarques tout maintenant. Et en effet, cette phase de confusion est suivie d’un nouveau palier atteint après quelques semaines de tests médiocres. Désormais, je suis capable d’une discrimination plus  précise, plus pointue.

Après quelques mois d’école, comme le professeur n’a plus besoin d’être là quotidiennement, les élèves donnent le test à tour de rôle. C’est souvent pour eux l’occasion de taquiner leurs camarades en corsant un peu les choses. Pour désorienter ceux-ci il suffit, par exemple, de glisser dans l’épreuve, beaucoup de notes similaires, les différents dérivés du cèdre, ou certaines notes musquées et d’ajouter de manière assez perverse deux ou trois fois la même matière.

Quand vous faites un test olfactif, le doute vient très vite vous déstabiliser. Celui-ci, se révèle finalement votre allié, car il vous permet de travailler votre précision. Il vous pousse à chercher activement les différences entre les matières premières similaires et ainsi découvrir de nouvelles facettes dans un matériau que vous pensiez bien connaître.

Au-delà des tests, la concurrence entre les élèves pousse à toutes sortes de joutes parfumées, ou chacun essaie d’épater l’autre avec ses facultés de reconnaissances des odeurs. Il y a des matchs à deux, chacun d’un côté de l’orgue. On tend une mouillette à son camarade et la réponse est censée arriver dans la minute qui suit. Le rythme est très rapide et le premier qui se trompe a perdu.

Grâce à ces jeux et ces petites rivalités, la connaissance des matériaux s’améliore de manière spectaculaire. Aujourd’hui je pratique toujours le test olfactif, mais sans la compagnie de mes camarades, celui-ci est beaucoup moins amusant. Le jeu et la compétition dans l’apprentissage, favorisent l’excellence en poussant à la performance.

Testing the nose

« How was your test? » The question is always dropped innocently but hides a healthy emulation between student’s perfumers. Always performed first thing in the morning, the olfactive test is a big moment of truth. It enables you to measure, in a merciless way your memorisation process. The students who get a 100% of good answers are the day’s heroes.

Usually the test is practised with 20 raw materials in various concentrations, sometimes pure, sometimes in 10 or 5 or 1 % in dilution in alcohol. They are chosen by the professor or by one of the student for his companions. You get a blotter with a number on it; your job is to name the material it was dipped in.

jasmineflower.jpgIn the beginning, we are all heroes. The 100 % of correct answers is an easy objective when raw materials are essentially natural and approached in a contrasted way. It is easy to distinguish an essence of rose from a lavender one, or to make the difference between a jasmine absolute and an essence of orange.

As the number of materials increases, so do the occasions to make mistakes. By odours’ family, the distinctions require more precision. For a beginner, it is not rare to confuse a lavandin grosso with a fine lavender, or an essence of neroli, obtained from the flowers of the bitter orange tree, with the one of “Petit grain”, which is collected by distillation of its leaves and boughs. Henceforth, it is also a question of knowing how to distinguish the various qualities and the various soils of the same material, for example being able to distinguish a jasmine Egypt of a jasmine India.

After some weeks, synthetic materials are added to the olfactive directory. Their strange names, without relationship with their smells, complicate some more the memorization process.

In the course of a few months the student’s perfumer has grown his olfactive referents from a few tens to several hundreds. Their more experimented noses begin to notice the slightest details of each smell. Things begin then to get seriously complicated. You start mixing everything up. It is a normal but rather disconcerting stage because it gives you the feeling that your knowledge is declining.

One day, I mistook the essence of bay rose, with its peppered and warm smell but with fresh and almost lemony aspects, with the elemi essence, which odour is essentially lemony, more fusing and less peppered than the first one. Two materials, presenting, some resemblances, but classified in different families! It is normal, said a friend perfumer, it is because now you are noticing all the small aspects of the materials. Don’t worry everything will be back to normal in a while. And indeed, this stage of confusion is soon followed by a new step reached after some weeks of bad tests; you are now able of a sharper and more secure discrimination.

After a while, the professor does not need to be in the classroom daily, so it is the students who give the test alternately. It is often the opportunity to tease your companions by making things a little bit more complicated. To disorientate them, you can, for example, put in the test, many similar notes, like the various by-products of the cedar, or certain musky notes. To makes things even trickier one can add, in a rather perverse way, two or three times the same material.

When you smell blindly you are easily destabilised. But the doubt is your ally, it urges you to look actively for the differences between the similar raw materials and so to discover new facets in a material which was, before considered like known.

The competition between the pupils pushes to all sorts of fragrant games, each student trying to amaze the others with his/her wonder faculties of smell’s recognitions. There are duels, each apprentice on one side of the orgue. One stretches out a blotter to his (her) companion and the answer is supposed to arrive in the minute following. The rhythm is fast and the first one who makes a mistake has lost the game.

These games and these small rivalries allow the knowledge of materials to improve in a spectacular way. Today I still practise the olfactive test, but without the company of my fellow students, it is much less funny. The playful and competitive aspects in the learning process push one to always go beyond his/her capacities and thus favour excellence.

 

**Editor's note: Floral photographs courtesy of Livia Scarcella and Stock Xchng respectively.


nathalie sepia thm.JPG

 

Nathalie B is an aspiring perfumer from Sion, Switzerland. Together with her sister, Veronique, she has created LesAteliersduParfum.com, an "atelier" specializing in unique perfumery workshops, kits of raw materials, and mutlimedia projects that celebrate the art of perfumery. Some of Nathalie's favorite scents include Chanel #19, Gres Cabochard, and YSL Paris. She may be contacted at [nathalie at perfumecritic dot com]

 

 

 

 


 

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Display 4 of 4 comments

1. 17-07-2009 19:16

Thanks Cris!
I agree with you, learning perfumery is a very lonely process with long hours of smelling all by yourself. That is why I appreciated the collective tests as a moment (although a bit stressful) of fun. It was also the occasion to share some descriptions or funny associations to help each others. That is however only possible in a good team, where people like and respect each other. It is not always the case unfortunately, as sometimes competition and personal issues would complicate everything. Anyway like for Marlen, I am sure your test in September will be perfect! :)
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2. 17-07-2009 19:08

Thank you Marlen!
I have no doubt that your test will be excellent. How many years have you been passionate about perfumes? All along you have been learning without even thinking of it. You’ll be amazed. Don’t let stress cut you from your knowledge though… Just relax and do what you love: that is smelling, and then everything will go well. :)
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3. 17-07-2009 16:10

Thanks
Hi Nathalie, very wise article. I started to imagine how would be to test nose in front of all students. I think there is something so intimist in testing fragrances and its raw materials, I love the mystery of discovery, that has much solitude. 
 
I agree with Marls LOL... probably next September I am going to test my nose in front of a different public and God, it will be funny and scaring.
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4. 04-07-2009 07:09

Nathalie! I LOVE this article!
I am so interested in this process as a friend from Firmenich sent me a "nose" test to determine if I can pass the first stage of sniffing and identifying essences. A part of me is afraid to find out how good/bad my nose is!
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